我国西北地区心脏瓣膜置换术后低强度抗凝的初步研究

目的研究我国西北地区风湿性心脏瓣膜病人机械瓣膜置换术后行低强度抗凝的可行性及合理的抗凝强度。方法将本地区50例患者按国际标准化比值(INR)随机分为3组并于术后定时分别测其凝血酶原时间(PT)及相应的INR、D-二聚体浓度、抗凝血酶Ⅲ活度(AT-Ⅲ:C),并监测其术后出血及血栓形成的发生率。结果机械瓣膜置换术后,INR控制于1.3～1.7范围内即可保持D-二聚体浓度、AT-Ⅲ:C与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),3组术后并未出现血栓形成。结论西北地区风湿性心脏瓣膜患者机械瓣膜置换术后行低强度抗凝是可行的,术后采取INR控制于1.3～1.7的低强度抗凝是安全的。     

臭氧和脉冲强光对大肠杆菌协同杀灭效果的研究

目的研究走氧和脉冲强光对大肠杆菌的协同杀灭作用。方法对培养基表面人工污染大肠杆菌．进行臭氧和脉冲强光协同杀菌处理．测定大肠杆菌杀灭效果。结果臭氧和脉冲强光协同杀菌效果明显优于臭氧、脉冲强光单独杀菌效果,臭氧先处理脉冲强光后处理的杀菌效果显著大于脉冲强光先处理臭氯后处理的杀菌效果（P〈0．05）。建立了协同杀菌回归方程。试验因素对杀菌效果影响顺序为脉冲强光照射时间〉臭氧处理时间〉脉冲强光照射距离。结论臭氧和脉冲强光联合应用对杀灭大肠杆菌具有显著的协同增效作用。     

In-vitro tomography and non-destructive imaging at depth of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms

Tomographic imaging techniques offer new prospects for a better understanding of the quality, performance and release mechanisms of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. It is only over the last fifteen years that tomography has been applied for the in-vitro characterisation of dosage forms. This review aims to introduce the concept of tomography in a pharmaceutical context, and describes the current state-of-the-art of the four most promising techniques: X-ray computed microtomography, magnetic resonance imaging, terahertz imaging and optical coherence tomography. The basic working principles of the techniques are introduced and the current pharmaceutical applications of the technologies are discussed, together with a comparison of their specific strengths and weaknesses. Possible future developments in these fields are also discussed.     

白藜芦醇下调肌球蛋白轻链激酶过表达抑制大鼠肝肿瘤增生

目的研究白藜芦醇(Res)通过影响肌球蛋白轻链激酶(MLCK)在肝脏中表达水平抑制原发性肝癌的增生。方法采用口服饮水中含0.9 mmol.L-1二乙基亚硝胺10周诱发原发性肝肿瘤;20周后,治疗组大鼠每天给予肌肉注射Res 50 mg.kg-16周;26周后,处死大鼠,计数肝表面癌结节数,称量和计算体重、肝重,肝/体重比,测定血清中甲胎蛋白的变化,观察大鼠肝脏的病理改变;用免疫组化和Westernblot法检测Res对MLCK的表达影响,用细胞凋亡试剂盒检测Res诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结果 Res治疗组大鼠和模型组大鼠相比,体重增加,肝肿瘤结节数和肝/体重比和血清甲胎蛋白值减少或降低(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠肝组织MLCK的表达水平明显增加,而Res治疗可逆转MLCK的过表达水平,并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论 Res通过下调肝组织MLCK的表达水平诱导凋亡,抑制大鼠肝肿瘤细胞的增生。     

Germanium Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Low Pressure Helium and Nitrogen Atmosphere for Biophotonic Applications

Due to particular physico-chemical characteristics and prominent optical properties, nanostructured germanium (Ge) appears as a promising material for biomedical applications, but its use in biological systems has been limited so far due to the difficulty of preparation of Ge nanostructures in a pure, uncontaminated state. Here, we explored the fabrication of Ge nanoparticles (NPs) using methods of pulsed laser ablation in ambient gas (He or He-N₂ mixtures) maintained at low residual pressures (1–5 Torr). We show that the ablated material can be deposited on a substrate (silicon wafer in our case) to form a nanostructured thin film, which can then be ground in ethanol by ultrasound to form a stable suspension of Ge NPs. It was found that these formed NPs have a wide size dispersion, with sizes between a few nm and hundreds of nm, while a subsequent centrifugation step renders possible the selection of one or another NP size fraction. Structural characterization of NPs showed that they are composed of aggregations of Ge crystals, covered by an oxide shell. Solutions of the prepared NPs exhibited largely dominating photoluminescence (PL) around 450 nm, attributed to defects in the germanium oxide shell, while a separated fraction of relatively small (5–10 nm) NPs exhibited a red-shifted PL band around 725 nm under 633 nm excitation, which could be attributed to quantum confinement effects. It was also found that the formed NPs exhibit high absorption in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges and can be strongly heated under photoexcitation in the region of relative tissue transparency, which opens access to phototherapy functionality. Combining imaging and therapy functionalities in the biological transparency window, laser-synthesized Ge NPs present a novel promising object for cancer theranostics.     

强光照致TgAPPswePS1转基因鼠视网膜功能障碍和结构损伤

目的 初步研究在光照损伤作用下TgAPPswePS1转基因鼠视网膜结构和功能的改变情况.方法 给予6月龄阿尔茨海默病转基因鼠(TgAPPswePS1鼠)10 000 lux光照处理,每天光照12 h,连续光照6个月,光照处理为实验组,设鼠龄匹配的转基因鼠为对照组,在光照6个月后(即小鼠12个月时)对实验组与对照组小鼠进行视网膜电图检测,取材并进行切片,行HE染色并观察视网膜各层结构改变,予以视网膜厚度测量并进行统计学分析.结果 对照组Rod反应a、b波波幅分别为(18.33±3.53) μV、(107.58±14.72)μV,Max反应a、b波波幅分别为(64.80±7.57)μV、(178.76±14.47) μV;实验组光照6个月后小鼠视网膜电图Rod反应a、b波波幅分别为(17.92±4.89) μV、(21.83±5.51) μV,Max反应的a、b波波幅分别为(18.23±4.44) μV、(24.50±4.49) μV;与对照组比较,Rod反应的b波和Max反应的a、b波的波幅下降明显,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05);在Rod和Max反应里a波和b波的潜伏期改变不明显.与对照组比较,经过光照处理后,实验组小鼠视网膜结构发生明显改变,以外核层与感光细胞外节明显,视网膜厚度明显变薄,为(102.34±9.38) μm,与对照组(181.32±13.47) μm比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.017).结论 高强度光照可以造成TgAPPswePS1鼠视网膜结构损伤和功能障碍.     

野生抚育益智光合特性研究

目的:探讨野生抚育益智的光合特性,为益智野生抚育环境选择及高产栽培管理提供理论依据.方法:采用Li-6400型便携式光合作用测定仪测定不同处理条件下益智花芽分花期叶片净光合速率对光强、CO<,2>浓度的响应及光合生理特征参数.结果:最大净光合速率(P<,max>),日均光合速率(P<,n>),表观量子效率(AQY),表观羧化效率(CE)及光能利用率(LUE),水分利用效率(WUE)均以透光率17.4%-24.1%的野生抚育处理较大;超出此透光率均不利用益智光合能力提高;随着光强增加益智光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)均会提高;野生抚育提高了益智CO<,2>的适应范围.结论:益智为喜阴植物,野生抚育栽培最适应的透光率在17.4%～24.1%.     

凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射联用技术研究 红芪多糖中4个组分分子特征

目的:测定红芪多糖3(HPS-3)中4个组分的绝对分子量,相对分子质量分布,均方根旋转半径(Rg),多分散系数(Mw/Mn)等分子特征参数,以均方根旋转半径(Rg)对重均分子量(Mw)作图,计算4个组分在溶液状态的构象。方法:采用凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射(GPC-MALLS)联用技术,流动相为含0.02%NaN3的0.1 mol.L-1NaNO3溶液,Ultrahydro-gelTM1000,500色谱柱串联。结果:HPS-3的4个组分中,HPS-3-C的Mw最大(1.986×105g.mol-1);其次为HPS-3-B(1.113×105 g.mol-1)和HPS-3-D(8.457×104 g.mol-1);HPS-3-A的Mw最小(1.223×104 g.mol-1),而Rg最大(55.5 nm)。HPS-3-D相对分子质量分布范围最广,Mw/Mn 2.543。在流动相中,HPS-3-A为球型构象,HPS-3-C为无规则线团构象,HPS-3-B和HPS-3-D则均为高枝化度结构。结论:为进一步研究HPS-3中4个组分分子特征与其生物活性的关系提供必要依据。     

气候因素对青铜文物模拟材料大气腐蚀的影响

运用QCM反应性监测方法研究了暴露在博物馆模拟展柜中的青铜文物模拟材料的腐蚀行为及规律,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及光电子能谱(XPS)分析手段,对青铜文物模拟材料在腐蚀60 d后的腐蚀形貌与产物进行了分析。结果表明:光照的存在以及温度、湿度的升高都会加速青铜文物模拟材料的腐蚀,其中ERCO LED灯在色温为4 000 K时对青铜文物模拟材料的腐蚀影响最严重,在腐蚀60 d后的主要腐蚀产物为Cu₂O、CuO、SnO、SnO₂,还有少量铜的碳酸盐、铜的硫酸盐与铜的硫化物、铜的硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐、铜的氯化物。